Analysis Of Kiki s Delivery Service - 1328 Words

Kiki’s Delivery Service (1989: Hayao Miyazaki) revolves around a young girl named Kiki who leaves her home with her talking cat familiar Jiji in order to hone her skills as a witch, but has difficulties to find her place in a new town while running an air courier service. Overall the movie focuses on tradition vs. modernity as well as the problems a young person can face while first living independently. I will be analysing the mise-en-scene and cinematography in the scene when Kiki first arrives in the town that she will call home. The scene starts with an over the shoulder establishing shot of the town that Kiki will be staying in, this is done to give the audience an idea about the size of the place and also allows us to see the town from Kiki’s perspective - imposing but exciting. After this we see a low angle sot looking up at Kiki as she flies over the ocean, she is laughing and yelling while flying her broom which connotates that she is having fun, this is done to create a contrast later in the scene where she is flying very formally to try and make a good impression. Another reason the ocean is used in this part is that the colour blue is used to represent calmness and serenity. Moreover, as with most Miyazaki movies flight represents the greatest form of freedom, therefore the shots of Kiki flying over the ocean while enjoying herself is used as a contrast to later in the movie when Kiki feeling trapped by her own feeling of inadequacy. In addition, a crabbingShow MoreRelatedA New Dimension Of M Government1528 Words   |  7 PagesE-PURJEE IN RURAL AREAS: A NEW DIMENSION OF M-GOVERNMENT ABSTRACT M-government services are becoming crucial substitutes. It is a part of modern ICT. But the thing is, ICT is not fenced only in the town areas. People of rural areas are also using ICT even if having fewer ideas about the systems. The notable thing is they can use it. The overview of my report isn’t describing all the aspects of ICT. In this report, my objective is to magnify the concepts and effects of digital procurementRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesthis book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–92833 6–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ MichaelRead MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 PagesEach ad in the business magazine will be read by 1,000 recent M.B.A.’s and 300 lawyers with hot tubs. Fact 3: Each ad in the consumer publication will be read by 300 recent M.B.A.’s and 250 lawyers who own hot tubs. Fact 4: Nobody reads more than one ad, and nobody who reads one magazine reads the other. (a) If Harry spends his entire advertising budget on the business publication, his ad will be read by 10,000 recent M.B.A.’s and by 3,000 lawyers with hot tubs. (b) If he spends his entire

Pros and Cons for Paying Organ Donors - 1534 Words

My grandfather was a lucky one, though he had to wait 5 years until his luck was fully granted. He was diagnosed with sever kidney failure, spent 5 years on dialysis, then was blessed with the option of getting a kidney†¦ twice. Though the first time he had to reject because of the health of his wife-after her death, he was called once more with the option of having a kidney transplant. However, my grandfather is an exception, most people do not get called once, let alone twice, for the option of receiving a kidney. As of October 25th 2013, about 100,000 people were waiting for a new kidney in the United States. (SCU) Every day, 18 people from that list die along with 10 others being added. As of October 25th, 2013, out of the 100,000 people waiting for a new kidney while only about 10,000 received one; that means 90,000 people are either rolled over to the next year, or die waiting. The marvelousness of kidney donations, compared to other organs donations, is that each per son is born with two and can sustain a healthy life with just one; simple facts such as this is what has driven the black market kidney trade to flourish. (CBSNEWS) However, if this is the case then why aren’t more people donating? Is it because they are not getting something in return? Why donate for free when someone on the black market will pay 10,000 dollars? The main arguments against black market organ donations, not limited to kidneys, is that people do not know the risks- yet if someone isShow MoreRelatedorgans will save lives911 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Caitlin Pierpoint Summary of Organ Sales Will Save Lives In the essay â€Å"Organ Sales Will Save Lives† by Joanna MacKay, kidney failure is the main topic. 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Then the people do not pay the bill and the hospital has to charge more to paying customers because they need to get reimburse for the money they are loosing. | | | | | RE: Healthcare | Mary Claire Jennings | 3/8/2013 8:44:18 PM | | | Eddie I cannot agree more with you because about three weeks ago one of my friendsRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pages-long, 800-km walk from Bhopal. Hindu/ New Delhi/ 29/03/06 Cabinet nod on compensation to Bhopal victims Special Correspondent NEW DELHI: The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved the implementation of the 2004 Supreme Court order for disbursement of pro-rata additional compensation on one-on-one basis to victims of the Bhopal gas tragedy. It also decided that the Government will take responsibility for meeting the shortfall of about Rs. 50 crore, as estimated by the Office of Welfare Commissioner.Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesroasting sealed in before shipping. 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Describe and explain the cause and effects of sea level change on coastal landforms Free Essays

The main effect of rising and lowering of sea level is the movement of the position of the coast. As sea level rises, the coastline is moved toward the land. Geologists refer to this movement as a transgression. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and explain the cause and effects of sea level change on coastal landforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now Conversely, if the sea level drops, the coastline moves out toward the sea, or a regression. The effect of transgressions is most readily seen as the sea floods, river or glacial valleys, forming drowned valleys or fjords, respectively. Although not prominent on our coasts, this is a common feature on the East Coast of the United States. There are two classes of sea level movement, localized or eustatic. Localized sea level changes only affect a limited area of coastline and can be caused by tectonic movements or rapid influx (or removal) of sediment. Eustatic changes refer to the removal or addition of water to the entire global ocean system, thus lowering or raising sea levels worldwide. Eustatic changes are brought on by the removal and locking up of ocean water in glaciers, or by major plate tectonic movements causing changes in the volume of the ocean basins. One example of the latter is that during time of rapid sea-floor spreading, the spreading centers become warmer and rise, thus lowering the volume of the oceans. The reasons for sea levels change usually come after an ice age, as the temperature rises, snow and ice begin to melt globally. This affects different areas differently, as the melting of the ice can cause either transgression or regression. In Scotland where the ice during the ice age produced a lot of pressure and pushed the land down, the land was now free to move back up, causing landforms such as raised beaches. The south of England during this time will sink slightly, due to Scotland rising. This coupled with the sea level rising means that features such as dalmatian coasts and rias, in other countries such as Norway, this can cause Fjords. Raised beaches, as the land rose, former wave cut platforms and their beaches were moved out of reach from the beach. Raised beaches can be found on the west coast of Scotland and are characterised by a line of cliffs behind a formally wave cut platform. Along these cliffs you may find old landforms such as wave cut notches, caves and arches, the fact that these landforms exist show that isostatic uplift could not have been constant, and so the land raised and there was a pause between the first uplift and a second uplift. During the ice age some rivers continued to flow, and these cut their valleys downwards to the lower base level, as the ice melted the sea level rose, this caused the flooding of the lower parts of the valley and its tributaries to produce sheltered, winding inlets called rias. Dalmatian coasts are found when the drowned tributaries and valleys ran parallel to the coast rather than at a right angle like rias. Fjords are formed when glaciers cut below the sea level and when the ice melted they flooded to form long, deep, narrow inlets with precipitous sides and hanging valleys (fjords are drowned glacial troughs). How to cite Describe and explain the cause and effects of sea level change on coastal landforms, Papers

Contextual References in ‘Measure for Measure’ Essay Sample free essay sample

‘Measure for Measure’ is set in Vienna. in 1603. It was written merely after James the first. a Protestant swayer came to the throne in England after the decease of Queen Elizabeth. who was Catholic. Religion is a large portion of the drama. particularly in Act 1. when the new announcement is foremost introduced. Both Catholics and Puritans believe that sex before matrimony is incorrect. and during James the 1sts reign. the Puritans tried to do adultery a condemnable offense. This belief is portrayed in the drama through Claudio. who is being arrested for acquiring his fiance . Julietta pregnant. In Act one scene two. Pompey describes Claudio’s offense as â€Å"Groping for trouts in a curious river. † The word â€Å"peculiar† is used because Claudio and Julietta were about married. nevertheless hadn’t sorted out the dowery. a payment to the groom and his household from the bride’s household. ( This was common pattern in Jacobean/Elizabe than society. We will write a custom essay sample on Contextual References in ‘Measure for Measure’ Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ) The position that sex outside of matrimony is incorrect. is farther emphasised by the belief in the seven lifelessly wickednesss. the foundation of morality in Jacobean society. One of the deathly wickednesss is Lechery ( lecherousness ) which is what most of the population of Vienna is guilty of. This is why all the whorehouses in Vienna are traveling to be closed down and Claudio is being arrested. and used as an illustration to the remainder of the people in Vienna. Angelo is the individual who implements the jurisprudence. and wants to kill Claudio as a penalty for his offense. He appears to be a rigorous Puritan. and is described as â€Å"snow-broth† which means he is person who doesn’t see any immoral or iniquitous. sexual feelings. nevertheless. the audience shortly change their positions and get down to see him as a dissembler when he subsequently on asks Isabelle to hold sex with him in order to salvage her brother. Claudio. In London. and Vienna. common pattern was the opposite to ideals of faith and province. For illustration. in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. a spiritual individual was thought to be baronial and had a high positi on in society. and heritage depended upon lineages in a household. However. pre matrimonial or excess matrimonial sex was really common. particularly in royalty. and because of this. sexually familial diseases were besides really common. Shakspere illustrates this in scene two. where Lucio. Gent One and Gent Two are jesting about sexually transmitted diseases outside the whorehouse. â€Å"I had as leif be a list of an English kersey as be piled. as thou art piled. for a Gallic velvet† The characters are jesting with each other about acquiring sexually transmitted diseases from cocottes. as whorehouses were really common in Vienna. â€Å"French velvet† is a wordplay on sexually transmitted diseases. such as pox and besides means cocotte. Another wordplay is used. on the word â€Å"piled† which refers to haemorrhoids or losing hair. both caused by pox. Peoples in Shakespeare’s clip believed in countenance. and this is demonstrated during act one. scene on of the drama when the duke is talking to Angelo. â€Å"There is a sort of character in thy life That to th’observer doth thy history Fully unfold. † Physiognomy is the belief that external visual aspect is an index of a person ’s personality. and here. the duke is stating that Angelo’s visual aspect shows that he is a spiritual and baronial individual. This is boding what happens subsequently on in the drama when we realise Angelo’s true character. Shakspere shows some similarities between the duke and King James who was governing at the clip when the drama was written. This is shown in the Duke’s monologue. for illustration. â€Å"I do non enjoy good Their loud applause† suggests that the Duke is modest and doesn’t like being in the limelight. which was similar to James the 1st’s personality. Shakespeare is seeking to show two swayers who are both just swayers. but have been excessively indulgent in their opinion which has lead to London and Vienna to go ‘diseased’ really. and metaphorically. as James was a batch more tolerant of people than Elizabeth was. James’s belief in ‘The Divine Right Of Kings’ is besides reflected in the drama. through Angelo’s character. when he arrests Claudio and so sentences him to decease for his offenses. This belief states th at swayers were sent down from God and were God’s deputies on Earth. so hence. were a higher position than ordinary people. Angelo takes his function as swayer really earnestly. and starts to move as if he is God. by interfering with affairs of life and decease.

Immune System and Page Ref Essay Example

Immune System and Page Ref Essay Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Marieb) Chapter 12 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Short Answer Figure 12. 1 Using Figure 12. 1, identify the following: 1) A lymph capillary is indicated by letter __________. Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 2) A lymph node is indicated by letter __________. Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 3) The lymph duct is indicated by lettter __________. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 4) Blood capillaries are indicated by letter __________. Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 5) Lymphatic collecting vessels are indicated by letter __________. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 1 Figure 12. Using Figure 12. 2, identify the following: 6) The spleen is indicated by letter __________. Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 7) The tonsils are indicated by letter __________. Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 8) The thymus gland is indicated by letter __________. Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 9) The Peyers patches are indicated by letter __________. Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 10) The lymphoid organ that destroys worn-out blood cells is indicated by letter __________. Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407 2 11) The lymphoid tissues that trap and remove bacteria that enter the throat are indicated by letter __________. Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407-408 Fill in the blank or provide a short answer: 12) Lymph fluid and some plasma proteins originate (escape) from the _________ _. Answer: blood plasma Diff: 2 Page Ref: 403-404 13) Excess accumulations of fluid, which impair the exchange of materials within the tissues, is called __________. Answer: edema Diff: 2 Page Ref: 403 14) The fibrous capsule of lymph nodes contains strands called __________ that divide the node into compartments. Answer: trabeculae Diff: 3 Page Ref: 406 15) Lymph exits the lymph node via the __________ vessels. Answer: efferent lymphatic Diff: 2 Page Ref: 406 16) The role of the __________ in the lymphatic system is to remove worn -out blood cells and return some of the products to the liver. Answer: spleen Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407 17) Peyers patches and the tonsils are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues that protect the upper respiratory and digestive tracts from infection and are referred to as __________. Answer: MALT (mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue) Diff: 3 Page Ref: 408 18) Harmful or disease-causing microorganisms from which nonspecific defenses protect the body are called __________. Answer: pathogens Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 9) The process by which WBCs and phagocytes migrate to an area experiencing acute inflammation is called __________. Answer: chemotaxis Diff: 3 Page Ref: 411 20) The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls is called __________. Answer: diapedesis Diff: 2 Page Ref: 412 3 21) The binding of complement proteins to certain sugar or proteins on a foreign cells surf ace is called __________. Answer: complement fixation Diff: 3 Page Ref: 413 22) One effect of complement fixation that causes the cell membranes of foreign cells to become sticky so that they are easier to phagocytize is called __________. We will write a custom essay sample on Immune System and Page Ref specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Immune System and Page Ref specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Immune System and Page Ref specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Answer: opsonization Diff: 3 Page Ref: 413 23) Cells studded with protein molecules found on our own cells that do not trigger an immune response within us (but may within others) are called __________. Answer: self-antigens (autoantigens) Diff: 1 Page Ref: 416 24) Troublesome small molecules or incomplete antigens that may mount an attack that is harmful rather than protective are called __________. Answer: haptens Diff: 3 Page Ref: 416 25) When an antigen binds to B cell surface receptors, it becomes sensitized (activated) and undergoes __________. Answer: clonal selection Diff: 3 Page Ref: 418 6) When B cells encounter antigens and produce antibodies against them, we exhibit __________. Answer: active immunity Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 27) Antibodies constitute an important part of blood proteins and are also referred to as __________. Answer: immunoglobulins Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 28) The five major immunoglobulin classes are __________. Answer: IgM, IgA, IdD, IgG, IgE Diff: 1 Page Re f: 422 29) The binding of antibodies to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or viruses is called __________. Answer: neutralization Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 30) The clumping of foreign cells, a type of antigen-antibody reaction, is called __________. Answer: agglutination Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 31) Killer T cells, which kill virus-invaded body cells, are also called __________. Answer: cytotoxic T cells Diff: 3 Page Ref: 425 4 32) Antigens that produce abnormally vigorous immune responses whereby the immune system causes tissue damage as it fights off a perceived threat that would otherwise be harmless are called __________. Answer: allergens or hypersensitivities Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430 33) Systemic (bodywide) acute allergic response caused by allergens that directly enter the blood, as with certain bee stings or spider bites, is called __________. Answer: anaphylactic shock Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430 34) AIDS cripples the immune system by interfering with the activity of cells called __________. Answer: helper T cells Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431 35) A tropical disease that results when parasitic worms clog the lymphatic vessels is called __________. Answer: elephantiasis Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431 Multiple Choice 1) The fluid that is forced out of the capillary beds by hydrostatic and osmotic pressures and into the tissue spaces is called: A) arterial blood B) venous blood C) plasma D) interstitial fluid E) lymph Answer: E Diff: 1 Page Ref: 403-404 2) Lymph flows: A) in a circular pattern within the tissues B) away from the heart only C) toward the heart only D) both toward and away from the heart E) into the capillaries Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 404 3) Lymph from the left arm would return to the heart through the: A) inferior vena cava B) thoracic duct C) right lymphatic duct D) left subclavian artery E) aorta Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 404; 406 5 4) Which one of the following is NOT a mechanism that aids lymph return: A) milking action of skeletal muscles B) pressure changes within the thorax C) the pumping action of the heart D) smooth muscle contractions within the lymphatic vessels E) presence of valves within the larger lymph vessels Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 404 5) Which one of the following is NOT true of lymph nodes: A) they remove foreign materials from the lymph fluid B) they have valves similar to those found in veins C) they contain lymphocytes D) they act as filters along the lymphatic vessels E) they contain macrophages Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 405-406 6) Which lymphatic organs major job is to destroy worn-out red blood cells and return some of the products to the liver: A) tonsils B) spleen C) thymus gland D) tonsils E) Peyers patches Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407 ) Which lymphoid tissues trap and remove bacteria entering the throat: A) axillary lymph nodes B) cervical lymph nodes C) tonsils D) Peyers patches E) thymus gland Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 8) Which one of the following is NOT a type of lymphoid organ: A) spleen B) thymus gland C) tonsils D) appendix E) Peyers patches Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407-408 6 9) The lymph organ tha t programs T cells and functions at peak levels only during youth is the: A) thymus B) spleen C) appendix D) tonsils E) Peyers patches Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 10) The lymph tissues found within the walls of the small intestine are called: A) tonsils B) appendix C) Peyers patches D) thymus tissues E) intestinal nodes Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 11) Which of these lymphoid organs is found along the left side of the abdominal cavity: A) spleen B) Peyers patches C) thymus gland D) tonsils E) axillary lymph nodes Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 12) Musoca-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) includes: A) spleen B) thymus gland C) tonsils only D) tonsils and Peyers patches E) tonsils and spleen Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 408 13) The bodys first line of defense against the invasion of disease -causing microorganisms is: A) phagocytes B) natural killer cells C) skin and mucous membranes D) inflammatory response E) fever Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409 7 14) Compared to the nonspecific chemicals that cover body surfaces and mucous membranes, the specific body defense system is: A) faster B) slower C) the same speed D) sometimes faster and sometimes slower E) not comparable in speed Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409 15) Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses: A) intact skin B) antibody production C) the inflammatory response D) fever E) natural killer cells Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409-415 6) The process by which neutrophils are squeezed through the capillary wall s during the inflammatory process is called: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) diapedesis D) coagulation E) antibody production Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 412 17) Which one of the following is NOT one of the four most common indic ators of the inflammatory response: A) redness B) heat C) swelling D) fever E) pain Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 410-412 18) The migration of phagocytes and white blood cells to an inflamed area along a chemical gradient is called: A) diapedesis B) chemotaxis C) immunity D) perforins E) complement fixation Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 411 8 19) The inflammatory process begins with release of chemicals, which do all of the following EXCEPT: A) dilate blood vessels B) attract phagocytes to the area C) stimulate release of lysozyme D) cause capillaries to become leaky E) activate pain receptors Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 411-412 20) Tissues invaded by viruses, which attempt to replicate themselves by taking over cellular machinery, secrete small proteins called __________ to protect nearby cells and hinder further multiplication of the viruses. A) histamine B) interferon C) kinins D) interleukins E) pyrogens Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 413; 415 21) The bodys temperature-regulating thermostat that can be reset upward in response to pyrogens is located in the: A) hypothalamus B) thalamus C) pineal gland D) cerebellum E) medulla oblongata Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 415 22) Fever has the effect of doing all of the following EXCEPT: A) denaturing (scrambling) proteins B) stimulating the liver and spleen to gather up iron and zinc C) increasing metabolic rate of tissue cells D) stimulating complement fixation E) speeding up repair processes Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 415 23) The study of immunity is called: A) histology B) anatomy C) pathology D) immunology E) microbiology Answer: D Diff: 1 Page Ref: 415 9 24) Which of the following substances is NOT typically perceived as an antigen: A) pollen grains B) bacteria C) self-antigens D) fungi E) virus particles Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 416 25) Which one of the following CANNOT be said about the history of immunity: A) the ancient Greeks knew something existed within the body to protect it from infectious disease B) scientists of the 1800s discovered factors now called antibodies C) scientists of the 1800s demonstrated that immune serum could protect another animal from disease D) scientists of the mid-1900s discovered the viral origin of AIDS E) scientists of the mid-1900s discovered that injection of serum containing antibodies did NOT always protect a recipient from disease Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 415 26) Regardless of whether it matures into a B cell or a T cell, a lymphocyte that is capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it is said to be: A) clonal B) incompetent C) immune D) immunocompetent E) complemented Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 416 27) The specific foreign substances that an individuals immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by: A) individual exposure to the specific foreign substance B) individual genetic makeup C) the total number of lymphocytes present at a given time D) the total number of macrophages at a given time E) the total number of self-antigens at a given time Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 417 28) Which one of the following is NOT true of macrophages: A) they are considered the big eaters of the immune system B) they engulf foreign particles C) they circulate continuously throughout the body D) they act as antigen presenters E) they secrete monokines Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 418 10 29) B cells develop immunocompetence in the: A) thymus gland B) bone marrow C) spleen D) thyroid gland E) lymph nodes Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 417 30) The specific type of acquired immunity that a fetus obtains from maternal antibodies that cross the placenta is called: A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially acquired active immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) artificially acquired natural immunity Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 420 31) What specific type of acquired immunity do vaccines provide: A) naturally acquired active immunity B) naturally acquired passive immunity C) artificially acquired active immunity D) artificially acquired passive immunity E) naturally acquired artificial immunity Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 420 32) Vaccines are NOT for: A) pneumonia B) tetanus C) measles D) snake bites E) polio Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 33) Immune sera are used for all of the following EXCEPT: A) tuberculosis B) rabies C) snake bites D) botulism E) tetanus Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 421 11 34) Which one of the following is NOT true of basic antibody structure: A) they consist of four amino acid chains B) they are linked together by disulfide bonds C) the heavy chains are identical D) the heavy chains are about 400 amino acids long E) the light chains are often of differing lengths Answer: E Diff: 3 Page Ref: 421-422 35) Which one of the following is NOT true of the constant (C) regions of antibodies: A) they are the same or nearly the same B) they form the stem of an antibody C) they determine the specific type of antibody class formed D) they form an antigen-binding site E) they determine how an antibody class will carry out its immune role Answer: D Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422 36) Which one of the following is NOT one of the antibody classes: A) IgA B) IgB C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE Answer: B Diff: 1 Page Ref: 422 37) IgA: A) is mainly found in mucus and secretions such as tears and saliva B) is passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy C) is the most abundant antibody in blood plasma D) can fix complement E) is involved in allergies Answer: A Diff: 3 Page Ref: 423 38) Which one of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies inactivate antigen s: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 423-424 12 39) The specific antibody class that has the ability to cross the placental barrier and provide immunity to the fetus is: A) IgM B) IgA C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422-423 40) The process by which antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins (toxic chemicals secreted by bacteria) to block their harmful effects is called: A) agglutination B) chemotaxis C) complement fixation D) neutralization E) precipitation Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 41) Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of: A) T cells B) B cells C) plasma cell D) antigen-presenting cells E) antibodies Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 425 42) An isograft is a tissue graft donated by: A) an unrelated person B) a parent C) a different animal species D) the same person E) an identical twin Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 427 43) Which one of the following is NOT a type of immunosuppressive therapy given after surgery to prevent rejection of a graft: A) corticosteroids B) radiation C) antiproliferative drugs D) gamma globulin E) immunosuppressive drugs Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 429 13 44) With immediate hypersensitivy, the antibody class that binds to mast cells and basophils that trigger the release of histamine and other chemicals is: A) IgM B) IgA C) IgD D) IgG E) IgE Answer: E Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422-423 5) Allergic contact dermatitis following skin contact with poison ivy would normally lead to: A) immediate hypersensitivity B) acute hypersensitivity C) delayed hypersensitivity D) anaphylactic shock E) immunodeficiency Answer: C Diff: 2 Page Ref: 431 46) The relatively common autoimmune disease in which the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine is called: A) multiple scler osis B) Graves disease C) myasthenia gravis D) glomerulonephritis E) systemic lupus erythematosis Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 429 47) Which one of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease: A) AIDS B) multiple sclerosis C) Graves disease D) type I diabetes mellitus E) rheumatoid arthritis Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 429 True/False 1) The flaplike minivalves of the lymph capillaries act like one -way swinging doors that allow lymph fluid to enter the lymph capillaries but not exit. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 2) The daughter cells of B cells, called plasma cells, release antibodies. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 418 14 3) Lymph in the right arm is returned to the heart via the right lymphatic duct. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 404 4) The thymus gland, found around the trachea, programs certain lymphocytes. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 5) The tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and Peyers patches are referred to as mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT). Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 6) Natural killers are unique phagocytic defense cells that can kill cancer cells and virus infected body cells well before the immune system i s activated. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 410 7) Some pathologists consider limitation of joint movement to be an additional fifth cardinal sign of inflammation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 412 8) The final disposal of cell debris as inflammation subsides is performed by neutrophils. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 412 9) The nonspecific defense by which complement proteins attach to sugars or proteins on the surface of foreign cells is called complement fixation. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 413 10) Chemicals secreted by white blood cells and macrophages exposed to foreign substances that can increase body temperature are called pyrogens. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 415 11) Fever is a systemic response triggered by pyrogens. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 415 12) Like all blood cells, lymphocytes originate from hemocytoblasts contained within red bone marrow. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 416 3) Macrophages arise from monoctyes formed within the bone marrow. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 418 15 14) Extremely weakened pathogens that are still alive are attenuated. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 420 15) Artificially acquired passive immunity is conferred when o ne receives immune serum for poisonous snake bites. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 421 16) Antibodies are also referred to as immunoglobulins. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 421 17) There are three major immunoglobulin classes: IgM, IgA , and IgD. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 422 18) The antibody a mother passes to her fetus is IgM. Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 19) The process that occurs when antibodies clump foreign cells is called agglutination. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 424 20) Memory cells are descendants of an activated B or T cell. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 427 21) An antibody is a substance capable of provoking an immune response. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 416 22) Tissue grafts harvested from an unrelated person are called xenografts. Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 427 23) Allografts are tissue grafts taken from an unrelated person. Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 427 24) Allergies, or hypersensitivities, are normal immune responses. Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page Ref: 430 25) Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system loses its ability to tolerate self antigens while still recognizing and attaching foreign antigens. Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page Ref: 429 16 26) Our immune system can be affected by severe stress. Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page Ref: 435 Matching Match the following descriptions with the appropriate lymphoid organ or tissue: 1) Located on the left side of the A) thymus gland abdominal cavity Diff: 1 Page Ref: 407 B) spleen 2) Trap and remove bacteria and pathogens entering the throat Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 C) Peyers patches D) tonsils 3) Located overlying the heart Diff: 1 Page Ref: 408 4) Filters and cleanses the blood of bacteria, viruses, and other debris Diff: 2 Page Ref: 407-408 5) Located in the wall of the small intestines Diff: 1 Page Ref: 408 6) Located in the pharynx (throat) Diff: 1 1) B Page Ref: 408 2) D 3) A 4) B 17 5) C 6) D Match the following protective mechanism with its associated element: 7) Traps microorganisms in A) nasal hairs respiratory and digestive tracts Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 B) mucus C) acid mantle 8) Inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 E) keratin ) Contains lysozyme Diff: 2 D) lacrimal secretions F) cilia Page Ref: 409 G) gastric juice 10) Provides resistance against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 11) Filters and traps microorganisms within inhaled air Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 12) Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein-digested enzymes that destroy pathogens within the stomach Diff: 1 Page Ref: 409 13) Propels debris-laden mucus away from lower respiratory passages Diff: 1 7) B 13) F Page Ref: 409 8) C 9) D 10) E 18 11) A 12) G Match the following biological function with its antibody class: 14) Believed to be cell surface A) IgD receptor of immunocompetent B cell Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 B) IgG C) IgA 15) First immunoglobulin class released to plasma by plasma cells during primary response Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 D) IgM E) IgE 16) Main antibody of primary and secondary responses Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 17) Bathes and protects mucosal surfaces from attachment of pathogens Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 18) Triggers the release of histamine Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 19) Potent agglutinating agent Diff: 3 Page Ref: 422-423 20) Crosses placenta and provides passive immunity to fetus Diff: 3 14) A 20) B Page Ref: 422-423 15) D 6) B 17) C 18) E 19) D Essay 1) Explain the origin and pathway of lymph. Answer: Lymph fluid arises from blood plasma that has been forced out of the capillary beds by osmotic and hydrostatic pressures. The fluid left behind is called interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid is then picked up by lymph capillaries, after which it is called lymph. Lymph is routed up the lymphatic ves sels until it is finally returned to the venous system through either the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 403-404 19 2) Describe the methods the body uses to help return lymph to the heart. Answer: The return of lymph to the heart is aided by: 1. the milking action of the skeletal muscles, 2. pressure changes in the thorax during brea thing, 3. smooth muscles in the walls of the larger lymphatics contract rhythmically. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 404-405 3) Describe several of the protective chemicals produced by the skin and mucous membranes. Answer: Skin produces acid secretions that inhibit bacterial growth, and sebum contains chemicals that are toxic to bacteria. Vaginal secretions are highly acidic. The stomach mucosa secretes hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting enzymes, both of which can kill pathogens. Saliva and tears contain lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys bacteria. Mucus is a sticky mucous membrane secretion that traps microorganisms. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409 4) Identify the four most common indicators and major symptoms of an acute inflammatory response and explain their origins. Answer: The four most common indicators of the inflammatory response are redness, heat, swelling, and pain. Redness and heat are a result of dilation of blood vessels that increase blood flow to the injured area. Swelling occurs when increa sed permeability of the capillaries allows plasma to leak from the bloodstream into the tissue spaces. The excess fluid, or edema, triggers the activation of pain receptors in the area, accounting for the pain associated with an injury. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 410-412 5) List and describe the cells and chemicals the body uses as its second line of defense. Answer: 1. Phagocytes, such as neutrophils or macrophages, engulf foreign particles. These cells are in nearly every body organ and confront pathoge ns that make it through the surface membrane barriers. 2. Natural killer cells, found in blood and lymph, are lymphocytes. They can lyse and kill cancer cells and virus-infected body cells. 3. The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response that occurs when body tissues are injured. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 409-411 6) Describe the four major types of transplant grafts. Answer: Autografts are tissue grafts transplanted from one site to another within the same person. Isografts are tissue grafts harves ted from a genetically identical person (identical twin). Allografts are tissue grafts harvested from an unrelated person. Xenografts are tissue grafts harvested from different animal species. Diff: 2 Page Ref: 427 7) Explain three current theories that attempt to explain why self-tolerance breaks down in autoimmune disorders. Answer: Inefficient lymphocyte programming is one theory that suggests self-reactive B or T cells escape to the rest of the body. Another theory is that self -proteins appear within the circulation that were not previously exposed to the immune system, thus initiating an immune response. These hidden antigens are found in sperm cells, the eye lens, and thyroid proteins. Another theory is that antibodies produced against fore ign antigens cross-react with self-antigens such as when streptococcal bacteria crossreact with heart antigens causing rheumatic fever. Diff: 3 Page Ref: 429 20

American Beginnings (Part 2) Essay

American Beginnings (Part 2) Essay American Beginnings (Part 2) Essay American Beginnings (Part 2) The Jeffersonian Era Jefferson’s Presidency 1. Election of 1800 a. Adams vs. Jefferson b. Jefferson won Adams by 8 electoral votes c. Jefferson won election d. 12th Amendment passed stating people to cast separate ballots for president and vice president. 2. Simplifying the Government a. Jeffersonian Republicanism: Jefferson’s theory of government that said the people should control the government and simple government was the best b. Reduced army and expenses c. Tried to reduce Federalist positions in government 3. John Marshall and the Supreme Court a. Marbury vs. Madison i. Principle of judicial review established ii. John Marshall = Chief Justice iii. 1803 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional b. Judicial review: ability of supreme court to declare act of congress unconstitutional 4. Louisiana Purchase a. Jefferson expanded US borders b. Bought from France for $15 million c. More than doubled the United States size 5. Lewis and Clark Expedition a. 1803: appointed Lewis and Clark to explore b. Took 2 years 4 months c. Proved transcontinental travel possible Madison and the War of 1812 James Madison became president in 1812 1. The Causes of the War a. US focused on Britain instead of France because of impressment b. Impressment: forcible seizure of men for military service c. Didn’t buy goods from Britain but didn’t affect Britain d. War Hawks: group of young congressmen from South who demanded war e. Upset Native Americans and fought against the settlers f. US called for war against Britain because Native Americans used arms from Britain 2. The Course of the War a. Congress approved war in early June b. US unprepared but Britain focused on Napoleon in Europe c. US invaded Canada and failed d. Tecumseh killed at Battle of Thames e. Aug. 1814: British burned the Capitol f. Jan. 8, 1815: Battle of New Orleans i. General Andrew Jackson got troops to protect city ii. 5,400 Americans fought against 8,000 troops and won with few loses 3. The Consequences of the War a. British and Americans signed peace agreement before Battle of New Orleans but didn’t get to generals before battle was fought b. Treaty of Ghent signed Dec. 24, 1814 declared armistice c. Led to the end of the Federalist party d. Encouraged growth of American industries to replace products no longer available because of war e. Confirmed US as a free and independent nation Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy President James Monroe (1816) established foreign policy based on nationalism 1. Territory and Boundaries a. 1817: Rush-Bagot Treaty i. Agreement between John Q. Adams and Britain ii. Reduces Great Lakes fleets to only a few b. Convention of 1818 i. Fixed Northern US border at 49th parallel west to Rocky Mountains c. Reached compromise with Britain to jointly occupy Oregon Territory for 10 years d. 1819: Adams-Onis Treaty e. Adams convinced Don Luis de Onis (Spanish Minister) to transfer Florida to US 2. The Monroe Doctrine a. Americans wanted to reduce European power in America b. Monroe Doctrine: a policy of US opposition to any European interference in te affairs of the Western Hemisphere, announced by President Monroe c. Monroe Doctrine created in 1823- important basis for future American policy d. Speech ignored because US had no armed forces to support doctrine The Age of Jackson Regional Economies Create Differences North became industrialized while South became agricultural 1. Early Industry in the United States a. Industries began in North b. Lowered cost of producing goods and increase markets and profits c. Started Industrial Revolution d. 1793: British immigrant, Samuel Slater, brought textile over to Rhode Island 2. Two Agricultural Systems Develop a. Farmers discovered how to specialize in one or two crops to make mass production b. Eli Whitney created the cotton

Harpo Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harpo - Article Example h Winfrey show where she showed her social support to the population both local and international has revolutionized the society to become more open minded towards discussing social issues openly. More importantly, is her role in promoting the social activity of finding a solution to these social issues and implementing these solutions. This has influenced many communities to outgrow certain levels of criticism and denial well enough to address social issues faced daily. There are some few potential dangers in having a super powerful leader such as Oprah Winfrey being the head of your company (â€Å"Case: Harpo,† n.d). One of the dangers is when the leader has so much power and decides to abuse and misuse this power. This action is very dangerous especially if the investors are engaged in false investment schemes promoted by the leader that will only have them losing their finances. The company will gain a bad reputation, and recovery is very hefty. Another potential danger is in the leader instilling too much fear towards the employees in the company. There is a certain model of treatment that every leader will want to articulate in their company toward themselves and even towards the employees. If the leaders start to be harsh and have the management do the same, the employees’ performance will be negatively affected, thus, making the company employees fearful of the leader and unable to achieve the company goals every year. As already witnessed in history, when a super powerful leader of a company or nation departs from it either through retirement or because of an ailment or death, the chances of creating a continuum of success is very slim. The best ways in which Oprah Winfrey can ensure that Harpo will survive after her departure, whether due to death, ailment or even due to a tarnished public appeal is by creating and implementing a leadership succession plan. In this situation, she should have an active plan of having every individual undertaking a